GHANA central bank announced its biggest ever interest rate hike on Monday as it seeks to slow rampant inflation that threatens to create a debt crisis in one of West Africa’s largest economies.
The Bank of Ghana (BoG) raised its main lending rate by 250 basis points to 17 percent, signalling an aggressive stance against the rocketing price of goods from flour to sugar to fuel, and against a depreciating local currency that has dented investor confidence, according to a Reuters report.
It is the largest increase in Ghana’s history, according to government records, more than double the 100-basis-point rise predicted by a Reuters poll of 10 economists last week.
‘The uncertainty surrounding price development and its impact on economic activity is weighing down business and consumer confidence,’ the bank’s governor, Ernest Addison, told a news conference. ‘The risks to inflation are on the upside.’
Ghana was long seen as a rising star among Africa’s emerging market economies, but underwhelming oil revenues and supply chain disruptions amid the Covid-19 pandemic have dampened expectations.
Consumer inflation reached 15.7 percent year-on-year in February, the highest since 2016. Food, transportation and housing prices have seen the greatest spikes.
Reuters reports restaurants and bakeries have downsizing menus and laying off staff. The national taxi drivers union has threatened to strike over spiralling fuel costs.
The war in Ukraine will likely make things worse. Ghana imports nearly a quarter of its wheat from Russia and around 60 percent of its iron ore from Ukraine, Addision said, though he expects inflation to return to its targeted band of 8 percent plus-or-minus 2 percent by the end of the year.
Meanwhile, Ghana’s cedi has weakened by about 20 percent against the dollar this year, making it the second-weakest currency after the Russian rouble in a list of some 20 emerging market units tracked by Reuters.
Addison blamed that in part on recent downgrades by credit ratings agencies Moody’s and Fitch, which he said shook investor confidence.
Ghana’s total public debt stands at $50.8 billion (351.8 billion Ghanaian cedi), according to central bank figures, about 80 percent of the country’s gross domestic product.
The central bank has made efforts to improve the situation. Monday’s rate hike marks the first time it has increased the prime rate twice within one year since 2015, after a previous one in November.
Economists have warned the fiscal deficit may spark a full-on debt crisis if more money doesn’t come in.
Ghana’s ruling party says the solution lies in a 1.75 percent tax on all electronic payments, locally known as the ‘e-levy’, a proposal so detested by the opposition that it caused a brawl in parliament last year.
Others have suggested a debt relief programme through the International Monetary Fund which Ghanaian authorities have so far resisted.
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